1. Basic concepts of warm forging and hot forging
Warm forging: This is a forging process carried out in a medium temperature environment. The operating temperature is set below the critical temperature of metal grain recrystallization and is lower than about 70% of the normalized temperature of the material. This temperature control is designed to maintain a certain hardness and strength of the material while promoting partial plastic deformation.
Hot forging: This is a forging technology implemented in a high temperature environment. The temperature range spans a wide range from the normalized state to the melting point of the material. This high temperature condition allows the material to reach a completely plastic state, which is easy to deform and can be molded into complex geometric shapes.
2. Differences in characteristics between warm forging and hot forging
Warm forging characteristics: No additional heating is required, and the material's own temperature is directly used for forging. The surface quality of the forging is high, and there are very few defects and bubbles. The finished product has high dimensional accuracy, but the production efficiency is relatively low and the cost is slightly higher.
Hot forging characteristics: It needs to be preheated to a high temperature state, the material has good plasticity and strong deformation ability. It can be used to manufacture forgings of complex shapes, but quality control needs to be stricter to prevent bubbles or defects.
3. Comparison of application scenarios of warm forging and hot forging
Warm forging applications: commonly used in industries with extremely high requirements for accuracy and finish, such as precision instrument manufacturing, aerospace, etc., where the number of products is relatively small but the quality requirements are extremely strict.
Hot forging applications: widely used in forgings that require mass production and are relatively simple in shape, such as automotive engine parts, large-scale mechanical equipment, etc. These fields have high requirements for cost control and production efficiency.
