What is the development trend and market status of the Casting industry? The main material of castings in my country is gray cast iron, accounting for about 41.8%, ductile iron for about 28.7%, and aluminum (magnesium) alloy for about 14.5%. From the perspective of downstream demand, the automobile industry is the largest demand field for castings in my country. In 2018, the proportion of demand in construction machinery, cast pipes and pipe fittings, and rail transit industries increased, while the proportion of demand in industries such as automobiles, agricultural machinery, and machine tools declined.
The development trend of casting products is to require castings to have better comprehensive performance, higher precision, less margin and smoother surface. In addition, the requirements for energy saving and the society's call for restoring the natural environment are also getting higher and higher. In order to meet these requirements, new casting alloys will be developed, and new smelting processes and new equipment will appear accordingly.
While the degree of mechanization and automation of casting production is continuously improving, it will develop more towards flexible production to expand the adaptability to different batches and multi-variety production. New technologies that save energy and raw materials will be given priority, and new processes and equipment that produce less or no pollution will be given priority. Quality control technology will have new developments in the detection of each process, non-destructive flaw detection, and stress measurement.
As the main direction of the future development model of the industry, the industrial chain development model is also the key development direction of the Casting industry in the future. With the transformation and upgrading of the traditional Casting industry, the continuous advancement of intelligent manufacturing and green casting, Casting companies have gradually explored a diversified Casting industry chain such as high-end equipment manufacturing, intelligent equipment manufacturing, and intelligent Casting services.
According to the statistical analysis of the "2023-2028 China Casting Industry In-depth Research and Development Trend Forecast Research Report" published by Zhongyan Puhua Industry Research Institute:
Casting is a kind of metal thermal processing technology mastered by human beings earlier, with a history of about 6,000 years. China has entered the heyday of bronze castings between 1700 BC and 1000 BC, and the craftsmanship has reached a very high level. After hundreds of years of development, the Casting industry in developed countries has a high degree of industry concentration. With the future integration and development of the industry, my country's Casting industry will also present the characteristics of high concentration and high specialization. At the same time, the backward production capacity of the Casting industry will be eliminated rapidly, and the number of Casting enterprises in the country will continue to decrease.
Casting Industry Classification
According to the different casting metal materials, casting can be further divided into ferrous metal casting and non-ferrous metal casting. Among them, ferrous metal casting includes iron castings and steel castings; iron castings can be further subdivided into gray iron castings, ductile iron castings and vermicular graphite iron castings. In addition to being classified by different materials, casting processes can be divided into sand casting, continuous casting, investment casting, pressure casting, low pressure casting, centrifugal casting, metal casting, vacuum casting, squeeze casting and Lost foam casting and other classifications.
Casting is a kind of metal thermal processing technology mastered by human beings earlier, with a history of about 6,000 years. China has entered the heyday of bronze castings between 1700 BC and 1000 BC, and the craftsmanship has reached a very high level. Casting is a method in which liquid metal is poured into a casting cavity adapted to the shape of the part, and after it is cooled and solidified, the part or blank is obtained. The material to be cast is mostly a metal that was originally solid but heated to a liquid state (for example: copper, iron, aluminum, tin, lead, etc.), and the material of the mold can be sand, metal or even ceramics. Depending on the requirements, the methods used will vary.
After hundreds of years of development, the Casting industry in developed countries has a high degree of industry concentration. With the future integration and development of the industry, my country's Casting industry will also present the characteristics of high concentration and high specialization. At the same time, the backward production capacity of the Casting industry will be eliminated rapidly, and the number of Casting enterprises in the country will continue to decrease.
Due to the high price of Casting machinery, most enterprises are still developing the Casting industry in the traditional way, and there is great pressure to update advanced technology and modern machinery and equipment. With the fierce market competition, enterprises with advanced technology and modern machinery and equipment will gradually eliminate enterprises with backward technology and equipment.
In 2020, the total output of castings in China will exceed 50 million tons for the first time. From 2011 to 2020, China's total casting output will maintain a fluctuating upward trend, with an average growth rate of 2.8%. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, affected by factors such as fluctuations in the downstream main engine industry and Sino-US trade frictions, the growth of casting production continued to slow down. However, the country's continuous investment in new infrastructure has enabled the overall casting production to maintain a stable development.
The market size of China's precision casting industry reached 81.2 billion yuan. China's precision casting industry has reached an inflection point. The market size reached 78.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.2%. This is the first negative growth in the domestic precision casting industry in the past 20 years. to 76.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 2.7%. The data shows that the Casting company Jingshan Light Machinery's total assets in 2020 are 6,254,522,800 yuan, an increase of 1,244,105,100 yuan compared with 2019, a year-on-year increase of 24.83%; An increase of 3.31%. In 2020, the operating income of Jingshan Light Machinery was 3,059,873,900 yuan, an increase of 802,257,200 yuan compared with 2019, an increase of 35.54% year-on-year; the operating cost was 2,951,989,400 yuan, an increase of 730,420,900 yuan compared with 2019, a year-on-year increase of 32.88%. In 2020, Jingshan Light Machinery's net profit attributable to the parent company was 60.3584 million yuan, an increase of 577.8834 million yuan compared with 2019, a year-on-year decrease of %. Earnings per share were 0.11 yuan.
According to China Customs data, in 2021 China will import 342 casting machines with an import value of US$110.14 million; the number of exports will be 4344 units with an export value of US$172.2 million. From January to September 2022, China imported 338 casting machines with an import value of US$109.95 million; the number of exports was 2598 with an export value of US$159.02 million.
With the advancement of science and technology and the vigorous development of the Casting industry, different casting methods have different mold preparation contents. Taking the most widely used sand casting as an example, mold preparation includes two major tasks: preparation of molding materials, molding and core making. Various raw materials used for molding and core making in sand casting, such as Casting raw sand, molding sand binder and other auxiliary materials, as well as molding sand, core sand, coatings, etc. prepared from them are collectively referred to as molding materials. The task of molding material preparation According to the requirements of the casting and the properties of the metal, select the appropriate raw sand, binder and auxiliary materials, and then mix them into molding sand and core sand with certain properties in a certain proportion. The commonly used sand mixing equipment includes roller sand mixer, counter flow sand mixer and continuous sand mixer. The latter is specially designed for mixing chemical self-setting sand, continuous mixing, and fast sand mixing speed.
The professional production of my country's Casting industry has begun to take shape. Now a group of distinctive specialized casting production enterprises have been formed. These enterprises mainly include: high compactness modeling + advanced core making + double smelting engine casting casting enterprises; large-scale mechanized production of brake hubs, brake discs, exhaust pipes and other automobile casting factories; resin self-setting sand as the main body Machine tools, cabinets, wind power and other large-scale casting factories; foundries and lost foam casting factories with V-method technology as the main body; crankshaft and grinding ball production factories with metal molds or metal molds covered with sand; silica sol or ethyl silicate high-grade investment castings with grease as binder; ordinary steel castings with water glass as binder; centrifugal nodular iron casting plants and centrifugal gray iron casting plants; non-ferrous alloy sand casting pressure (high/low /poor) Casting etc.
